ions

Test of Ions and Gases

Chemistry Learning, O and A level Chemistry Courses / By

🔹 Definition of Ions 🔹 Tests for Cations (Using Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide or Aqueous Ammonia) Cation NaOH (aq) NH₃ (aq) Al³⁺ (Aluminium) White ppt, soluble in excess to give colourless solution White ppt, insoluble in excess Zn²⁺ (Zinc) White ppt, soluble in excess forming colourless solution White ppt, soluble in excess Ca²⁺ (Calcium) White ppt, […]

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Atomic Structure

Chemistry Learning, O and A level Chemistry Courses / By

1. What is an Atom? An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element. 2. Subatomic Particles Particle Symbol Relative Mass Relative Charge Location Proton p⁺ 1 +1 Nucleus Neutron n 1 0 Nucleus Electron e⁻ 1/1836 -1 Orbitals/Shells 3. Atomic Number (Z) and Mass Number (A) Example:

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