O and A level Chemistry Courses comprise Cambridge and Edexcel international O and A level chemistry courses.
Purification methods are used to separate and purify substances from mixtures. The key techniques you need to know include: 1. Filtration 2. Crystallization 3. Simple Distillation 4. Fractional Distillation 5. Paper Chromatography 🔍 Summary Table Method Used For Key Concept Filtration Insoluble solid from liquid Size exclusion Crystallization Dissolved solid from solution Solubility and cooling […]
Methods of Purification Read More »
🔬 Introduction to Carbon 🧱 Allotropes of Carbon Allotropes are different forms of the same element in the same physical state. 1️⃣ Diamond 🧬 Structure: ⚙️ Properties: 🛠 Uses: 2️⃣ Graphite 🧬 Structure: ⚙️ Properties: 🛠 Uses: 3️⃣ Fullerenes (C₆₀ – Buckminsterfullerene) 🧬 Structure: ⚙️ Properties: 🛠 Uses: 4️⃣ Graphene (Extension beyond syllabus, but useful)
Carbon and Its Compounds Read More »
🔹 1. What is Chemical Bonding? Chemical bonding is the process by which atoms join together to form molecules or compounds by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons to achieve a stable electronic configuration (usually a full outer shell, like noble gases). 🔹 2. Types of Chemical Bonds ➤ 2.1 Ionic Bonding Occurs when electrons are
🔹 1. What is the Periodic Table? The Periodic Table is a systematic arrangement of all known elements based on their atomic number (number of protons). It shows patterns in chemical properties and electron arrangements and is a useful tool for predicting element behavior. 🔹 2. History of the Periodic Table 🔹 3. Structure of
The Periodic Table Read More »
1. What is an Atom? An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element. 2. Subatomic Particles Particle Symbol Relative Mass Relative Charge Location Proton p⁺ 1 +1 Nucleus Neutron n 1 0 Nucleus Electron e⁻ 1/1836 -1 Orbitals/Shells 3. Atomic Number (Z) and Mass Number (A) Example:
🔹 1. The Three States of Matter Matter exists in three physical states: Property Solid Liquid Gas Shape Fixed Takes shape of container No fixed shape Volume Fixed Fixed Not fixed (compressible) Particle arrangement Tightly packed & regular Close but irregular Far apart and random Particle movement Vibrate in fixed position Move slowly & slide