1. Introduction
The national curriculum of Bangladesh for Class 9 follows a traditional approach, focusing on subject-based knowledge with limited integration of real-world applications, interdisciplinary learning, and project-based activities. In contrast, STEM-enabled world trends emphasize hands-on learning, technology integration, interdisciplinary problem-solving, and industry-relevant skills.
This report compares the national curriculum of Bangladesh with international STEM-enabled curricula in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Mathematics.
2. Physics
►Bangladesh National Curriculum
- Topics covered include mechanics, motion, force, work, energy, and properties of matter.
- Emphasis on theoretical learning and formula-based problem-solving.
- Laboratory work is minimal and often lacks modern equipment.
- Little integration of coding, simulations, or data analysis.
►STEM-Enabled World Trends
- Focus on real-world applications of physics in engineering, robotics, and technology.
- Use of simulations, virtual labs, and coding (e.g., Python for physics modeling).
- Emphasis on experimental learning, with students designing and conducting their own investigations.
- Project-based learning (e.g., building circuits, designing energy-efficient models).
3. Chemistry
►Bangladesh National Curriculum
- Topics include chemical reactions, atomic structure, periodic table, and bonding.
- Mostly rote learning with a lack of deep conceptual understanding.
- Laboratory experiments are prescriptive rather than exploratory.
- Limited connections to environmental chemistry and industrial applications.
►STEM-Enabled World Trends
- Emphasis on inquiry-based learning with open-ended lab experiments.
- Real-world applications, such as green chemistry, nanotechnology, and sustainable practices.
- Integration of computational chemistry, modeling, and AI-driven analysis.
- Project-based assignments, such as creating eco-friendly materials or analyzing pollutants.
4. Biology
►Bangladesh National Curriculum
- Focus on human physiology, cell biology, plant science, and genetics.
- Heavy reliance on memorization without hands-on experience.
- Laboratory work is minimal, often limited to diagrams and textbook explanations.
- Little integration of biotechnology, genomics, or modern medical advancements.
►STEM-Enabled World Trends
- Strong emphasis on biotechnology, bioinformatics, and health sciences.
- Hands-on lab work including DNA extraction, microbiology cultures, and bioengineering applications.
- Integration of AI and big data for analyzing biological systems.
- Encouraging students to conduct field research and analyze environmental impacts.
5. Mathematics
►Bangladesh National Curriculum
- Covers algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and statistics.
- Heavy focus on solving problems with traditional pen-and-paper methods.
- Minimal integration of real-life applications.
- Little to no use of computational tools.
►STEM-Enabled World Trends
- Strong focus on applied mathematics, including financial math, cryptography, and data science.
- Integration of programming languages like Python, MATLAB, or R.
- Use of graphing software, simulations, and interactive math platforms.
- Encourages mathematical modeling of real-world problems, such as climate change and epidemiology.
6. Key Gaps in the Bangladesh National Curriculum
Lack of Interdisciplinary Learning – Subjects are taught in isolation rather than integrating physics, chemistry, biology, and math for problem-solving.
Limited Practical and Hands-On Learning – Labs are often outdated, and students do not engage in exploratory experiments.
Minimal Use of Technology – No coding, data analysis, or digital simulations are incorporated.
Absence of Engineering and Design Thinking – No projects that encourage students to design solutions to real-world problems.
7. Recommendations
- Introduce Computational Thinking – Integrate coding, data analysis, and simulations in physics, chemistry, and biology.
- Enhance Laboratory Infrastructure – Modernize labs with hands-on experiments and digital tools.
- Implement Project-Based Learning – Encourage students to work on interdisciplinary STEM projects.
- Industry and Research Exposure – Collaborate with universities and industries to provide real-world STEM experiences.
- Integrate Emerging Technologies – Include topics such as AI, robotics, and renewable energy in the curriculum.
8. Summary Comparison Table
| Subject | Bangladesh National Curriculum | STEM-Enabled World Trends |
| Physics | Theoretical learning, formula-based problem-solving, minimal lab work | Hands-on experiments, coding (Python), virtual labs, real-world applications |
| Chemistry | Rote learning, limited conceptual understanding, prescriptive lab work | Inquiry-based experiments, green chemistry, computational modeling, real-world applications |
| Biology | Memorization-heavy, minimal lab work, lacks modern biotech integration | Hands-on lab work, DNA extraction, bioinformatics, AI integration, environmental research |
| Mathematics | Traditional problem-solving, minimal real-life applications, no computational tools | Applied math, coding integration (Python), data science, mathematical modeling |
9. Conclusion
The current national curriculum of Bangladesh requires significant reform to align with global STEM trends. A shift from rote memorization to inquiry-based, interdisciplinary, and technology-integrated education is crucial for preparing students for the future. By incorporating global best practices, Bangladesh can develop a competitive STEM workforce equipped for modern challenges.
Prepared By
Catadu Innovative Learning Institute
01703 899700
